＞＞数据库开发：MySQL 关键字以及保留字

MySQL 关键字以及保留字

关键字是在SQL中具有重要意义的单词。某些关键字，如SELECT， DELETE或 BIGINT，被保留，需要用作标识符，例如表和列名特殊待遇。内置函数的名称也可能如此。允许使用非保留关键字作为标识符而无需引用。

A

• ACCESSIBLE ®
• ACCOUNT
• ACTION
• ACTIVE; added in 8.0.14 (nonreserved)
• ADD ®
• ADMIN; became nonreserved in 8.0.12
• AFTER
• AGAINST
• AGGREGATE
• ALGORITHM
• ALL ®
• ALTER ®
• ALWAYS
• ANALYSE; removed in 8.0.1
• ANALYZE ®
• AND ®
• ANY
• ARRAY; added in 8.0.17 (reserved); became nonreserved in 8.0.19
• AS ®
• ASC ®
• ASCII
• ASENSITIVE ®
• AT
• ATTRIBUTE; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved)
• AUTOEXTEND_SIZE
• AUTO_INCREMENT
• AVG
• AVG_ROW_LENGTH

B

• BACKUP
• BEFORE ®
• BEGIN
• BETWEEN ®
• BIGINT ®
• BINARY ®
• BINLOG
• BIT
• BLOB ®
• BLOCK
• BOOL
• BOOLEAN
• BOTH ®
• BTREE
• BUCKETS; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)
• BY ®
• BYTE

C

• CACHE
• CALL ®
• CASCADE ®
• CASCADED
• CASE ®
• CATALOG_NAME
• CHAIN
• CHANGE ®
• CHANGED
• CHANNEL
• CHAR ®
• CHARACTER ®
• CHARSET
• CHECK ®
• CHECKSUM
• CIPHER
• CLASS_ORIGIN
• CLIENT
• CLONE; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)
• CLOSE
• COALESCE
• CODE
• COLLATE ®
• COLLATION
• COLUMN ®
• COLUMNS
• COLUMN_FORMAT
• COLUMN_NAME
• COMMENT
• COMMIT
• COMMITTED
• COMPACT
• COMPLETION
• COMPONENT
• COMPRESSED
• COMPRESSION
• CONCURRENT
• CONDITION ®
• CONNECTION
• CONSISTENT
• CONSTRAINT ®
• CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
• CONSTRAINT_NAME
• CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
• CONTAINS
• CONTEXT
• CONTINUE ®
• CONVERT ®
• CPU
• CREATE ®
• CROSS ®
• CUBE ®; became reserved in 8.0.1
• CUME_DIST ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• CURRENT
• CURRENT_DATE ®
• CURRENT_TIME ®
• CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ®
• CURRENT_USER ®
• CURSOR ®
• CURSOR_NAME

D

• DATA
• DATABASE ®
• DATABASES ®
• DATAFILE
• DATE
• DATETIME
• DAY
• DAY_HOUR ®
• DAY_MICROSECOND ®
• DAY_MINUTE ®
• DAY_SECOND ®
• DEALLOCATE
• DEC ®
• DECIMAL ®
• DECLARE ®
• DEFAULT ®
• DEFAULT_AUTH
• DEFINER
• DEFINITION; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)
• DELAYED ®
• DELAY_KEY_WRITE
• DELETE ®
• DENSE_RANK ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• DESC ®
• DESCRIBE ®
• DESCRIPTION; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)
• DES_KEY_FILE; removed in 8.0.3
• DETERMINISTIC ®
• DIAGNOSTICS
• DIRECTORY
• DISABLE
• DISCARD
• DISK
• DISTINCT ®
• DISTINCTROW ®
• DIV ®
• DO
• DOUBLE ®
• DROP ®
• DUAL ®
• DUMPFILE
• DUPLICATE
• DYNAMIC

E

• EACH ®
• ELSE ®
• ELSEIF ®
• EMPTY ®; added in 8.0.4 (reserved)
• ENABLE
• ENCLOSED ®
• ENCRYPTION
• END
• ENDS
• ENFORCED; added in 8.0.16 (nonreserved)
• ENGINE
• ENGINES
• ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved)
• ENUM
• ERROR
• ERRORS
• ESCAPE
• ESCAPED ®
• EVENT
• EVENTS
• EVERY
• EXCEPT ®
• EXCHANGE
• EXCLUDE; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)
• EXECUTE
• EXISTS ®
• EXIT ®
• EXPANSION
• EXPIRE
• EXPLAIN ®
• EXPORT
• EXTENDED
• EXTENT_SIZE

F

• FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS; added in 8.0.19 (nonreserved)
• FALSE ®
• FAST
• FAULTS
• FETCH ®
• FIELDS
• FILE
• FILE_BLOCK_SIZE
• FILTER
• FIRST
• FIRST_VALUE ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• FIXED
• FLOAT ®
• FLOAT4 ®
• FLOAT8 ®
• FLUSH
• FOLLOWING; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)
• FOLLOWS
• FOR ®
• FORCE ®
• FOREIGN ®
• FORMAT
• FOUND
• FROM ®
• FULL
• FULLTEXT ®
• FUNCTION ®; became reserved in 8.0.1

G

• GENERAL
• GENERATED ®
• GEOMCOLLECTION; added in 8.0.11 (nonreserved)
• GEOMETRY
• GEOMETRYCOLLECTION
• GET ®
• GET_FORMAT
• GET_MASTER_PUBLIC_KEY; added in 8.0.4 (reserved); became nonreserved in 8.0.11
• GLOBAL
• GRANT ®
• GRANTS
• GROUP ®
• GROUPING ®; added in 8.0.1 (reserved)
• GROUPS ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• GROUP_REPLICATION

H

• HANDLER
• HASH
• HAVING ®
• HELP
• HIGH_PRIORITY ®
• HISTOGRAM; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)
• HISTORY; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)
• HOST
• HOSTS
• HOUR
• HOUR_MICROSECOND ®
• HOUR_MINUTE ®
• HOUR_SECOND ®

I

• IDENTIFIED
• IF ®
• IGNORE ®
• IGNORE_SERVER_IDS
• IMPORT
• IN ®
• INACTIVE; added in 8.0.14 (nonreserved)
• INDEX ®
• INDEXES
• INFILE ®
• INITIAL_SIZE
• INNER ®
• INOUT ®
• INSENSITIVE ®
• INSERT ®
• INSERT_METHOD
• INSTALL
• INSTANCE
• INT ®
• INT1 ®
• INT2 ®
• INT3 ®
• INT4 ®
• INT8 ®
• INTEGER ®
• INTERVAL ®
• INTO ®
• INVISIBLE
• INVOKER
• IO
• IO_AFTER_GTIDS ®
• IO_BEFORE_GTIDS ®
• IO_THREAD
• IPC
• IS ®
• ISOLATION
• ISSUER
• ITERATE ®

J

• JOIN ®
• JSON
• JSON_TABLE ®; added in 8.0.4 (reserved)
• JSON_VALUE; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved)

K

• KEY ®
• KEYS ®
• KEY_BLOCK_SIZE
• KILL ®

L

• LAG ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• LANGUAGE
• LAST
• LAST_VALUE ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• LATERAL ®; added in 8.0.14 (reserved)
• LEAD ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• LEADING ®
• LEAVE ®
• LEAVES
• LEFT ®
• LESS
• LEVEL
• LIKE ®
• LIMIT ®
• LINEAR ®
• LINES ®
• LINESTRING
• LIST
• LOAD ®
• LOCAL
• LOCALTIME ®
• LOCALTIMESTAMP ®
• LOCK ®
• LOCKED; added in 8.0.1 (nonreserved)
• LOCKS
• LOGFILE
• LOGS
• LONG ®
• LONGBLOB ®
• LONGTEXT ®
• LOOP ®
• LOW_PRIORITY ®

M

• MASTER
• MASTER_AUTO_POSITION
• MASTER_BIND ®
• MASTER_COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMS; added in 8.0.18 (nonreserved)
• MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY
• MASTER_DELAY
• MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD
• MASTER_HOST
• MASTER_LOG_FILE
• MASTER_LOG_POS
• MASTER_PASSWORD
• MASTER_PORT
• MASTER_PUBLIC_KEY_PATH; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)
• MASTER_RETRY_COUNT
• MASTER_SERVER_ID
• MASTER_SSL
• MASTER_SSL_CA
• MASTER_SSL_CAPATH
• MASTER_SSL_CERT
• MASTER_SSL_CIPHER
• MASTER_SSL_CRL
• MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH
• MASTER_SSL_KEY
• MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT ®
• MASTER_TLS_CIPHERSUITES; added in 8.0.19 (nonreserved)
• MASTER_TLS_VERSION
• MASTER_USER
• MASTER_ZSTD_COMPRESSION_LEVEL; added in 8.0.18 (nonreserved)
• MATCH ®
• MAXVALUE ®
• MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR
• MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR
• MAX_ROWS
• MAX_SIZE
• MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR
• MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS
• MEDIUM
• MEDIUMBLOB ®
• MEDIUMINT ®
• MEDIUMTEXT ®
• MEMBER; added in 8.0.17 (reserved); became nonreserved in 8.0.19
• MEMORY
• MERGE
• MESSAGE_TEXT
• MICROSECOND
• MIDDLEINT ®
• MIGRATE
• MINUTE
• MINUTE_MICROSECOND ®
• MINUTE_SECOND ®
• MIN_ROWS
• MOD ®
• MODE
• MODIFIES ®
• MODIFY
• MONTH
• MULTILINESTRING
• MULTIPOINT
• MULTIPOLYGON
• MUTEX
• MYSQL_ERRNO

N

• NAME
• NAMES
• NATIONAL
• NATURAL ®
• NCHAR
• NDB
• NDBCLUSTER
• NESTED; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)
• NETWORK_NAMESPACE; added in 8.0.16 (nonreserved)
• NEVER
• NEW
• NEXT
• NO
• NODEGROUP
• NONE
• NOT ®
• NOWAIT; added in 8.0.1 (nonreserved)
• NO_WAIT
• NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ®
• NTH_VALUE ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• NTILE ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• NULL ®
• NULLS; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)
• NUMBER
• NUMERIC ®
• NVARCHAR

O

• OF ®; added in 8.0.1 (reserved)
• OFF; added in 8.0.20 (nonreserved)
• OFFSET
• OJ; added in 8.0.16 (nonreserved)
• OLD; added in 8.0.14 (nonreserved)
• ON ®
• ONE
• ONLY
• OPEN
• OPTIMIZE ®
• OPTIMIZER_COSTS ®
• OPTION ®
• OPTIONAL; added in 8.0.13 (nonreserved)
• OPTIONALLY ®
• OPTIONS
• OR ®
• ORDER ®
• ORDINALITY; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)
• ORGANIZATION; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)
• OTHERS; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)
• OUT ®
• OUTER ®
• OUTFILE ®
• OVER ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• OWNER

P

• PACK_KEYS
• PAGE
• PARSER
• PARTIAL
• PARTITION ®
• PARTITIONING
• PARTITIONS
• PASSWORD
• PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME; added in 8.0.19 (nonreserved)
• PATH; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)
• PERCENT_RANK ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• PERSIST; became nonreserved in 8.0.16
• PERSIST_ONLY; added in 8.0.2 (reserved); became nonreserved in 8.0.16
• PHASE
• PLUGIN
• PLUGINS
• PLUGIN_DIR
• POINT
• POLYGON
• PORT
• PRECEDES
• PRECEDING; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)
• PRECISION ®
• PREPARE
• PRESERVE
• PREV
• PRIMARY ®
• PRIVILEGES
• PRIVILEGE_CHECKS_USER; added in 8.0.18 (nonreserved)
• PROCEDURE ®
• PROCESS; added in 8.0.11 (nonreserved)
• PROCESSLIST
• PROFILE
• PROFILES
• PROXY
• PURGE ®

Q

• QUARTER
• QUERY
• QUICK

R

• RANDOM; added in 8.0.18 (nonreserved)
• RANGE ®
• RANK ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• READ ®
• READS ®
• READ_ONLY
• READ_WRITE ®
• REAL ®
• REBUILD
• RECOVER
• RECURSIVE ®; added in 8.0.1 (reserved)
• REDOFILE; removed in 8.0.3
• REDO_BUFFER_SIZE
• REDUNDANT
• REFERENCE; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)
• REFERENCES ®
• REGEXP ®
• RELAY
• RELAYLOG
• RELAY_LOG_FILE
• RELAY_LOG_POS
• RELAY_THREAD
• RELEASE ®
• RELOAD
• REMOTE; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved); removed in 8.0.14
• REMOVE
• RENAME ®
• REORGANIZE
• REPAIR
• REPEAT ®
• REPEATABLE
• REPLACE ®
• REPLICA; added in 8.0.22 (nonreserved)
• REPLICAS; added in 8.0.22 (nonreserved)
• REPLICATE_DO_DB
• REPLICATE_DO_TABLE
• REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB
• REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE
• REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB
• REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE
• REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE
• REPLICATION
• REQUIRE ®
• REQUIRE_ROW_FORMAT; added in 8.0.19 (nonreserved)
• RESET
• RESIGNAL ®
• RESOURCE; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)
• RESPECT; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)
• RESTART; added in 8.0.4 (nonreserved)
• RESTORE
• RESTRICT ®
• RESUME
• RETAIN; added in 8.0.14 (nonreserved)
• RETURN ®
• RETURNED_SQLSTATE
• RETURNING; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved)
• RETURNS
• REUSE; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)
• REVERSE
• REVOKE ®
• RIGHT ®
• RLIKE ®
• ROLE; became nonreserved in 8.0.1
• ROLLBACK
• ROLLUP
• ROTATE
• ROUTINE
• ROW ®; became reserved in 8.0.2
• ROWS ®; became reserved in 8.0.2
• ROW_COUNT
• ROW_FORMAT
• ROW_NUMBER ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• RTREE

S

• SAVEPOINT
• SCHEDULE
• SCHEMA ®
• SCHEMAS ®
• SCHEMA_NAME
• SECOND
• SECONDARY; added in 8.0.16 (nonreserved)
• SECONDARY_ENGINE; added in 8.0.13 (nonreserved)
• SECONDARY_ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved)
• SECONDARY_LOAD; added in 8.0.13 (nonreserved)
• SECONDARY_UNLOAD; added in 8.0.13 (nonreserved)
• SECOND_MICROSECOND ®
• SECURITY
• SELECT ®
• SENSITIVE ®
• SEPARATOR ®
• SERIAL
• SERIALIZABLE
• SERVER
• SESSION
• SET ®
• SHARE
• SHOW ®
• SHUTDOWN
• SIGNAL ®
• SIGNED
• SIMPLE
• SKIP; added in 8.0.1 (nonreserved)
• SLAVE
• SLOW
• SMALLINT ®
• SNAPSHOT
• SOCKET
• SOME
• SONAME
• SOUNDS
• SOURCE
• SPATIAL ®
• SPECIFIC ®
• SQL ®
• SQLEXCEPTION ®
• SQLSTATE ®
• SQLWARNING ®
• SQL_AFTER_GTIDS
• SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS
• SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS
• SQL_BIG_RESULT ®
• SQL_BUFFER_RESULT
• SQL_CACHE; removed in 8.0.3
• SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS ®
• SQL_NO_CACHE
• SQL_SMALL_RESULT ®
• SQL_THREAD
• SQL_TSI_DAY
• SQL_TSI_HOUR
• SQL_TSI_MINUTE
• SQL_TSI_MONTH
• SQL_TSI_QUARTER
• SQL_TSI_SECOND
• SQL_TSI_WEEK
• SQL_TSI_YEAR
• SRID; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)
• SSL ®
• STACKED
• START
• STARTING ®
• STARTS
• STATS_AUTO_RECALC
• STATS_PERSISTENT
• STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES
• STATUS
• STOP
• STORAGE
• STORED ®
• STRAIGHT_JOIN ®
• STREAM; added in 8.0.20 (nonreserved)
• STRING
• SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
• SUBJECT
• SUBPARTITION
• SUBPARTITIONS
• SUPER
• SUSPEND
• SWAPS
• SWITCHES
• SYSTEM ®; added in 8.0.3 (reserved)

T

• TABLE ®
• TABLES
• TABLESPACE
• TABLE_CHECKSUM
• TABLE_NAME
• TEMPORARY
• TEMPTABLE
• TERMINATED ®
• TEXT
• THAN
• THEN ®
• THREAD_PRIORITY; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)
• TIES; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)
• TIME
• TIMESTAMP
• TIMESTAMPADD
• TIMESTAMPDIFF
• TINYBLOB ®
• TINYINT ®
• TINYTEXT ®
• TLS; added in 8.0.21 (nonreserved)
• TO ®
• TRAILING ®
• TRANSACTION
• TRIGGER ®
• TRIGGERS
• TRUE ®
• TRUNCATE
• TYPE
• TYPES

U

• UNBOUNDED; added in 8.0.2 (nonreserved)
• UNCOMMITTED
• UNDEFINED
• UNDO ®
• UNDOFILE
• UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE
• UNICODE
• UNINSTALL
• UNION ®
• UNIQUE ®
• UNKNOWN
• UNLOCK ®
• UNSIGNED ®
• UNTIL
• UPDATE ®
• UPGRADE
• USAGE ®
• USE ®
• USER
• USER_RESOURCES
• USE_FRM
• USING ®
• UTC_DATE ®
• UTC_TIME ®
• UTC_TIMESTAMP ®

V

• VALIDATION
• VALUE
• VALUES ®
• VARBINARY ®
• VARCHAR ®
• VARCHARACTER ®
• VARIABLES
• VARYING ®
• VCPU; added in 8.0.3 (nonreserved)
• VIEW
• VIRTUAL ®
• VISIBLE

W

• WAIT
• WARNINGS
• WEEK
• WEIGHT_STRING
• WHEN ®
• WHERE ®
• WHILE ®
• WINDOW ®; added in 8.0.2 (reserved)
• WITH ®
• WITHOUT
• WORK
• WRAPPER
• WRITE ®

X

• X509
• XA
• XID
• XML
• XOR ®

Y

• YEAR
• YEAR_MONTH ®

Z

• ZEROFILL ®
• ZONE; added in 8.0.22 (nonreserved)

MySQL 8.0新关键字和保留字

下表显示了与MySQL 5.7相比在MySQL 8.0中添加的关键字和保留字。保留的关键字标有（R）。

A

• ACTIVE
• ADMIN
• ARRAY
• ATTRIBUTE

B

• BUCKETS

C

• CLONE
• COMPONENT
• CUME_DIST ®

D

• DEFINITION
• DENSE_RANK ®
• DESCRIPTION

E

• EMPTY ®
• ENFORCED
• ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE
• EXCEPT ®
• EXCLUDE

F

• FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
• FIRST_VALUE ®
• FOLLOWING

G

• GEOMCOLLECTION
• GET_MASTER_PUBLIC_KEY
• GROUPING ®
• GROUPS ®

H

• HISTOGRAM
• HISTORY

I

• INACTIVE
• INVISIBLE

J

• JSON_TABLE ®
• JSON_VALUE

L

• LAG ®
• LAST_VALUE ®
• LATERAL ®
• LEAD ®
• LOCKED

M

• MASTER_COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMS
• MASTER_PUBLIC_KEY_PATH
• MASTER_TLS_CIPHERSUITES
• MASTER_ZSTD_COMPRESSION_LEVEL
• MEMBER

N

• NESTED
• NETWORK_NAMESPACE
• NOWAIT
• NTH_VALUE ®
• NTILE ®
• NULLS

O

• OF ®
• OFF
• OJ
• OLD
• OPTIONAL
• ORDINALITY
• ORGANIZATION
• OTHERS
• OVER ®

P

• PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME
• PATH
• PERCENT_RANK ®
• PERSIST
• PERSIST_ONLY
• PRECEDING
• PRIVILEGE_CHECKS_USER
• PROCESS

R

• RANDOM
• RANK ®
• RECURSIVE ®
• REFERENCE
• REPLICA
• REPLICAS
• REQUIRE_ROW_FORMAT
• RESOURCE
• RESPECT
• RESTART
• RETAIN
• RETURNING
• REUSE
• ROLE
• ROW_NUMBER ®

S

• SECONDARY
• SECONDARY_ENGINE
• SECONDARY_ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE
• SECONDARY_LOAD
• SECONDARY_UNLOAD
• SKIP
• SRID
• STREAM
• SYSTEM ®

T

• THREAD_PRIORITY
• TIES
• TLS

U

• UNBOUNDED

V

• VCPU
• VISIBLE

W

• WINDOW ®

Z

• ZONE

MySQL 8.0删除了关键字和保留字

下表显示了与MySQL 5.7相比在MySQL 8.0中删除的关键字和保留字。保留的关键字标有（R）。

• ANALYSE
• DES_KEY_FILE
• PARSE_GCOL_EXPR
• REDOFILE
• SQL_CACHE